中式英语之鉴100句(之四)

January 24th, 2008 | by lindsay | Posted in » 中式英语 | 510 views |

61. 车来了。您先请。
[误] Here comes the car. You go first, please.
[正] Here comes the car. After you.
注:第一句译文虽然把“请”翻译出来了,但还是带有命令的口吻。地道的说法应该是 After you。另外,不少人以为汉语的“请”等同于英语的 please,其实并非如此。例如,在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please,地道的说法是 Help yourself。

62. 房间里有一张床、两张桌子和五把椅子。
[误] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
[正] There is one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
注:there be 句型中,be 动词的单复数取决于离它最近的那个词。原文虽然一共列举了八件家具,但是根据英语的谓语就近原则,one bed 决定了应该使用 is。

63. 我不想听他那些空话。
[误] I don’t want to hear his empty words.
[正] I don’t want to hear his hollow words.
注:虽然 empty 和 hollow 都有“空洞的”之意,但表达“空话”时,英语习惯用 hollow words 或 empty talk。

64. 他是我们的死敌。
[误] He is our dead enemy.
[正] He is our deadly enemy.
注:dead 作形容词时表示“死的,无感觉的”,而 deadly 才表示“致命的,不共戴天的”。

65. 奥斯本名义上是个医生,但他整天都呆在股票交易所里。
[误] Osborne is a doctor by name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
[正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
注:by name 和 in name 虽然形似,但涵义却有区别。by name 相当于 by the name of,常放在专有名词之后,表示所说的人或事物的确实名称。例如:There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name(中国有个伟大的诗人,名叫屈原)。而 in name 是贬义词,表示“名义上的”或“徒有虚名”。

66. 我们是不信上帝的。
[误] We do not believe God.
[正] We do not believe in God.
注:believe 和 believe in 虽然都有“相信”的意思,但表示“信仰”的时候只能用后者。

67. 你做这样的事难道不感到羞耻吗?
[误] Aren’t you ashamed for doing such a thing?
[正] Aren’t you ashamed of doing such a thing?
注:be ashamed for 一般是指“对他人的行为或外在事物感到羞耻”,而 be ashamed of 则是“由于自己的所作所为而感到羞耻”。

68. 车祸发生在十字路口。
[误] The accident took place at a crossroad.
[正] The accident took place at a crossroads.
注:crossroad 是“交叉路,横马路”的意思,而 crossroads 才是“十字路”或“十字路口”,它前面也可以用 a,但 -s 绝不能丢掉。

69. 要学好英语,大量的练习是必要的。
[误] To learn English well, a great deal of practice is necessary.
[正] To learn English well, one needs to have a great deal of practice.
注:英语中非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致,本例句中不定式 to learn English well 的逻辑主语应该是“人”,而句子的主语却是 practice,两者不相一致,违背了英语习惯,所以必须将句子的主语改为 one,并做其它相应的调整。

70. —谢谢你带我们到办公室来。
—不用谢,这是我们应该做的。
[误] —Thank you for guiding us to the office.
—Not at all, it’s my duty.
[正] —Thank you for guiding us to the office.
—Not at all, it’s a pleasure. /I’m glad to be of help.
注:汉语的回答实际上是句客套话,如果把它直译为 It’s my duty,就会让西方人误以为你并不想帮他,只是因为职责才不得已而为之,这与汉语的愿意有很大出入。所以,恰当的回答应该是 I’m glad to be of help 或 It’s a pleasure,其意思是“我很乐意为您效劳

71. 未经允许,任何人不得入内。
[误] Anybody can not come in without permission.
[正] Nobody can come in without permission.
注:“任何……都不”是汉语中常用字的否定句式,而在英语中,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,谓语动词是不能用否定形式的。因此,any … not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯,须用“否定形式的主语+肯定形式的谓语”替换。但是,any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时,如果带有后置定语,那么其谓语也可以用否定形式。如:Anyone who does that isn’t honest(干那种事的人都是不诚实的)。

72. 布衣蔬食。
[误] cotton clothes and vegetables
[正] coarse clothes and simple fare
注:“布衣蔬食”是形容一个人生活俭朴,但直译成英文却会令人难以理解。因为现在的英、美等国,cotton clothes and vegetables(棉布衣服和青菜)已没有“生活俭朴”的任何联想了,它们早已成了富翁们的最爱,而且价格也比其他产品贵,没钱人还享用不起呢!而第二句译文不仅忠实于原文,而且 fare 一词作“食物”讲还略带古色,恰好反映出了原文的风格。

73. 你真是红光满面。
[误] Your face is all red.
[正] You are in ruddy health.
注:“红光满面”是说一个人身体很好,而 You face is all red 则指对方满脸通红,似乎“不好意思”或“牌窘境”,皮肤过敏也未可知,总之与原句不符。a ruddy complexion 虽然有“面色红润”的意思,但没能充分表达出汉语“身体健康,精力充沛”的意思。当然,除了第二句译文,还可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 来表达。

74. 你该吃晚饭了。
[误] It’s time to eat your dinner.
[正] It’s time to have your dinner.
注:不是所有的“吃”字都能翻译为英语 eat 的,英语中有许多固定搭配,如:take one’s medicines(吃药);lead an idle life(吃闲饭);be very popular(吃香);I hd some meat for lunch(午餐我吃了些肉)等。

75. 我们一起跟着音乐跳舞吧!
[误] Let’s dance with the music.
[正] Let’s dance to the music.
注:英语一般说 dance with sb.,即“跟某人一起跳舞”,“音乐”是无生命的东西,怎么能跟它 dance 呢?这里正确的说法是用介词 to。又如:sing to the piano 等。

76. 他的病情好多了。
[误] His sick condition is much better.
[正] His condition is much better.
注:在英美人看来,sick 只是一种无意义的重复,因为去掉它以后意思一亲清楚,而且还更地道。我们甚至可以更简单地翻译为 He is much better。

77. 经常给我写信。
[误] Write letters to me often.
[正] Write to me often.
注:中文动宾结构的宾语在翻译成英文时常常省略,因为这些英语动词本身已经包含了中文宾语的意思,不言自明,除非需要强调,否则可以省略,不省略反而与英语习惯不符。上面的例句就是个很好的例子。又如:“你会唱歌吗”(Can you sing);“我会付钱给你”(I’ll pay you);“他花很多时间读书”(He spends a lot of time reading)等。

78. 挑战者以0比4的比分输了与冠军队的那场比赛。
[误] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to the champion.
[正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to the champion.
注:zero 和 nil 虽然都可以表示“零”,但 zero 多用于电话号码或邮政编码,而 nil 则特指比赛的比分。同样,0比0就应该翻译成 nil to nil。

79. 在一次具有历史意义的表决中,北京羸得了申办奥运会的机会。
[误] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
[正] In a historic vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
注:historic 表示“历史上著名的,有历史意义的”,而 historical 则表示“有关历史的,历史学的”。

80. 你读没读过菲尔丁的经典长篇小说《汤姆.琼斯》?
[误] Have you ever read Fielding’s classical novel Tom Jones?
[正] Have you ever read Fielding’s classic novel Tom Jones?
注:classic 即可作形容词,表示“经典的,第一流的”,又可作可数名词,表示“经典作品”;而 classical 却是一个没有比较级和最高级的形容词,常指“(建筑,文学,音乐等方面)古典的,传统的”。

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